Internal-combustion turbine-motor.



PATENTED NOV. 2'7, 1906.

0. 0 POOLE. v INTERNAL COMBUSTION TURBINE MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-17, 1905.

2 'SEEETS- I NI ED STATES Specification of Letters Patent.

PATENT cH ARLES CLARENCE rooms, or nvAusromiLnmols; lNTERNA L-COMBUSTION TURBINE-M OTOR I Patented Nov. 27, 1906.-

Application fil d February 17. 1905'. Serial No" 246,092.

To (11 whom) it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES CLARENCE POOLE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Evanston, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Oombustion Turbine-Motors; and I do hereby .declare that the following is a full, clear, and

exact description. thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters. of reference markedv thereon, which, form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to an internal-comw.bustion turbine motor or engine embracing a explosion or combustion Within a confined .space or inclosure of an admixture of inflamrotative member or rotor' provided with annularly-arranged blades or buckets and which is given rotativemotion through the mable' gas or hydrocarbon vapor and air and the impact against the blades or buckets of jets ofthe resulting products of combustion,

which are directed against said blades or buckets through a discharge-orifice leading from theinclosure in which the gaseous mixture is exploded.

The object of my invention is to employ I for giving motion to the'rotor of a turbine or impact engine expanding gaseous products of combustion generated by the explosion of 'an explosive admixture when under compression and acting under substantially the same conditions that prevail in the operation of r a reciprocating explosive-engine wherein the expanding gases resulting from the combustion of the explosive admixture act in a cylinder against a moving piston therein.

It has an economical use of the fuel are obtained been found that the best results and in the use of reciprocating explosive-engines only when the explosive admixture is ignited movement and the charges'are under a high or'considerable degree of pressure.

' or exploded when under a considerable decharges are compressed within-the cylinderin the subsequent inward movement of the piston in the cylinder, and the ignition of the explosive charge takes place at times when the piston is near the inward limit of its rying out "my invention it is my purpose to ignite or explode a gaseous explosive mix- In car-v ture in an internal-combustion turbine-engine under the same conditions that such admixture is ignited or exploded in suchreciprocating explosive-enginethat is to say, whenthe'explosive charge is confined under' a high or considerable degree of pressure in an inclosed' space or chamber-and to discharge the expanding gases and products of combustion arising from the explosion from saidinclo sed space or chamber through a discharge opening or nozzle leading directly ,from said chamber or space against the blades or buckets of the rotative wheel or member of the engine.

To the end stated, an internal-combustion turbine-engine embodying my invention em- I braces in its general features a rotative wheel or rotor provided with blades'or buckets,-a

compression-cylinder provided with a discharge opening or nozzle through which gas eous products resulting from combustion of the compressed explosive admixture may be discharged directlyagainst the"blades, or

buckets of said rotor, and a reciprocating piston actuated by the rotor for compressing such explosive mixture in the cylinder.

" As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in front elevation of an engine embody ing my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view thereof. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a sectional view' taken on line 4 4 of Fig. 3.

As shown in saiddrawings, A indicates the rotative member or rotor of the engine, which consists of a disk or wheel mounted on a shaft A and provided withan annularly-arranged series of blades or buckets a a; The said blades or buckets are shown as made of curved form or provided with concave Working faces, as common in turbine-motors.

The non-rotativepart or stator of the engine embraces a plurality of cylinders B, each provided with a reciprocating piston C and in which charges of mixed air and gas or vapor are compressed and ignited, as in the power-cylinder of an explosive reciprocating engine. The inner ends of said cylinders, in -which' the charges" are compressed, are located adjacent to the blades (1 a of the rotor and are provided with valved outlet ports or assages b b for the exit from the inner ends ofthe cylinders of the expanding gases and products of combustion resulting from the ignition of outlet-ports commumcate with discharge the compressed charges. Said the products of combustion moving at a high velocity are directed upon or against the said blades a a of the rotor. Provision is a made for supplying charges of explosive mixture to the cylinders, which charges are drawn into the cylinders in the retractive movement of the pistons therein, together with means for igniting the compressed charges afterthe pistons have been" advanced to compress the same, andtheipartsareso-"arranged that a charge enters thecy linderrat each retractive stroke of a 'piston, the-charge is compressed in the subsequent-advancestroke of the piston, the charge is ignited v v the cross-rheads C 6 and the expanding gases and products-of,

while the piston is in its advanced position,

combustion pass from the inner end of the cylinder through the valved exiteports and discharge-nozzles, the valve controlling the said exit-ports being closed in the retractive and advance strokes of the piston while the charge is being introduced and compressed andopened at the time of ignition -topermit the discharge of the expanding gases generated by the explosion or combustion of-the;

compressed admixture.

In the arrangement of=the parts illustrated Q in the'accompanying drawings the buckets a a extend laterally from one side of the pee rip'heral portion of the disk A and are attached to -a ring A arranged paralle'lwith the disk. In connection with the buckets thus disposed four cylinders B B are employed, which are arranged parallel with the shaft A, with their closed ends within and adjacent to the path of the blades 1/ a. .In this arrangement of the cylinders the exit-passages b b and :nozzles 11 I) open laterally from the closed ends of the cylinders at the sides thereof adjacent to said blades and are arranged in a plane parallel with the disk A. Said nozzles b bare formed in nozzle-blocks D D, provided with outer faces curved 'con-' centrically with the lineof-vthe inner margins of the blades-a a and through which the nozzles open; Said nozzleblocks are preferably made integral with the side wallsof the cylinders. "proper position vwith relation to each other andto the blades of the rotor by segmental connecting members D, extending between and joining nozzle-blocks D, and like connecting-plates D which extend between and join the inner parts of the side -'walls of thecylinders, which latter and the 'connecting members D" and D together constitute, in efiect, the non-rotative member or stator of the engine. The stator as a whole is attached to a horizontal base E, being joined thereto bya supporting-standard E. A central bearing-sleeve F for the rotorshaft A is-conveniently supported within the inders by radial arms chargeenozzles.

For controlling the exit-ports bf=b0fse3flh The cylinders are rigidly held inings, asfollows: To said pistonsareattached piston-rods C G, to the outer ends of which are secured cross heads C C which slide in guides B B, attached to and projecting from the I cylinders. Each cross-head carries a bearing pinor studc, which extends --in-.

wardly or toward the central axis of the machine. Onthe-rotonshaft A is mounted-a rotativecamecy-linder 'G provided in its cy 'lin-d-rie -outer surface with a; -cam-.g-roove g, which :isengaged iby several I studs -c c on has --oldliqueor inclined parts adaptedwto move the cross-headsbaickwardly and for- \wa-rdl-y .-a distance equal to :the stroke -of the The camwgroove --g.

prstonsate-ach complete revolution cf said cam-cylinder. fThe--said-capi groove has a part y, whidhiis Stl 'adgh t'filfifl -a plane-perpendicul'ar to the/ centraliaxis ottthe can-heydinder and which serves to hdld the pistons for a 1somewhatprolonged- *period ;of time at the forward lirnitqof their oonr ressingfstrojke.

In the rotation 0fthe camwy inder thewamgroove serves to advance and. retract the pistons su ccessively in the/several cylinders,

reach; piston being advanced 'to icornpzress :the

explosive charge-.-and retained in its advanced position by the straight part 9 of the canngroove :until gases resulting ifrom the ignition. of the compressed charges :ha-iveiey haustedr from the cylinder through the :dis-

cylinder :in such :manner that said :ports will be closed in the =back-wardior chargingstroke and forward or compressing stroke of the piston and will be opened-to effect thedischarge of the expanding gaseous roductsiof combustion while the piston :-is he d in Jtsadvanced position II have -shown in the drawings a valve and valveactuating device, ;as

follows K is a valve-rin *Pted to turn or oscillate in an annular I seat or-groove formed in the. inner end :of :the

cylinder adjacent-to the vcylinder-head. Said valve-ring is provided with ports R 7c, correspending in location with the ports 11b :and

adapted to register with the same. The valve-ring is secured to. a dash K, which rests against and turns upon the ininerface of the cylindenhead. The said disk is provided with a rigidly-attached central shaft K which extends outwardly through a central bearingaperture inthe cylinder-hea d.

Attached to the saidshaft'K dutsideiof the cylinder-head is a crank a-rm L, having :at' its outer end a pin Z, whichiengages a nam g-roo-ve M, formed int-he innerzrface ofr the' disk A oiithe-roton- Saidcam-groove is provided w th concentric arts m and m,

cated at different radia distances-from the center of the rotor and which are joined by oblique or outwardly-deflected parts mim Fig. 3. The circumferential part m extends through an arc corresponding generally with the length of the straight port g of the cam-groove 9. When the pin 1 of the crank arm L is engaged with the part m of the. cam-groove M, the valve-ring is held in position to closethe ports I) b, the imperforate parts of saidvalve-ring then covering or closing said ports, and when the said pin iseni gaged with the part m of said cam-groove the'valvering is held in position with the parts m m thereof in register with the ports I) b, andvthe latter are 0 en. parts 'm, and m of the c m-groove M are so located that the valve will be moved or shifted to its open position at such time with relation to the termination of the compressing stroke of the piston and the timeof ignition of the compressed'charge that the ignition of the-ex losive mixture will take place while the va ve is still closed and thecharge is held under maximum compression, while the ga'se ous products of combustion will be allowed to escape from the cylinder as expansion takes place as the. result ofthe explosion or aseous products resulting from combustion, e gradual enlargement of the space .crank far that the-piston has acquired considercombustion of the admixture. In other words, the valve will be opened in such manner as to secure conditionsapproximating' those which obtain :in-the explosion of the charge in a reciprocating-piston gas-engine wherein ignition of the explosive, mixture takes place about the time of maximum compression or when the piston is fully advanced and the crank is on its dead-center, and any considerable expansion of the burnin gases does not take lace until the has moved-past the cad-center so able rapidity of movement in its outward stroke, While the ex anding gases continue toact on the piston t ough the eater part 'of its outward stroke. In 'suc explosive reciprocating engines the ignition of the charge when fully compressed and confined between the o linder and head and piston,

associated wit a retarded expansion of the ue to t g in Which'the burning gases are confined as the piston, moves outwardly underthe pressure of the expanding gases,-has been found to roduce economical results in operation, and likp conditions'of ignition under maximum compression and retarded expansion may be obtained'in the engine described by so turning or moving the valve which controls the outlet-ports]; b as to produce cor-. respondingly favorable results. Moreover,

- 'it' ismanifest that the obli ue parts m 'and m of the cam-lgroove may be so located and The deflected I opposite the inner ends of the plugs.

' Such devices are'well known, an

e movements of thevalve.

' "thereby so timed or varied in speed that the escape of the ex anding gases will be accelerated or retarde according to the rapidity of the expansion thereof and in such manner as to equalize so far as is possible or practicable the pressure of the gases durin their exit through the outlet-ports, with t e result of obtaining substantially or practically uni- .n n. Said inlet-pipes are shown as inserted through the side walls of the cylinders near the heads thereof, the valve rings K K being cut away 0 posite, the same to ermit free ingress of t e carburet'ed air in a l positions of the valve-rings. The said carbureters ofier'ate inthe same manner as those gener w a y used in explosive-engines, the air .being drawn through the same into the cylinders in the outward stroke of the pistons and being charged with carbon-vapor in its passage through the carbureters.

- Any suitable form of igniting device may be used. That shown in the drawin s consists of sparking plugs O, inserted t rough the side walls of each cylinder near the head thereof, the valve-ring K being cut, away y common form of switch device operated by the rotor may be employed to effect the sparking or ignition at the pro er time;

thought necessary to illustrate the same.

Anexhaust-chamber to receive the exhaust from the blades of the rotor is proit is not vided by means of a housing P, which sur- 4 rounds the outer face'and periphery of the v rotor A, the same being attached to the base E and provided at the margin of its outer cylindric part, which surrounds the buckets a,

With an inwardly-extending ring narranged adjacent to the ring A and overlapping the sa e. The housing P is shown as provided wit outer end bearing for the shaft Ay'and with an exhaust delivery-pipe P provided for the end of the shaft A exterior to the cam G, consisting of abearing hub or sleeve Q, which is supported by radial arms Q from the outer endsv of. the cross-head guides B on the cylinder B.

An important advantage arisingfrom the 'emp'loyment' of the general featuresof the a central bearing-hub .O, forming-an A bearing is .construction described is thaitthe expanding products of combustion ro uced by the ignition of the explosive a mixture within the cylinders pass directly from the spaces .in

5 which they are compressed and ignited to thedischarge passages or nozzles, by which they are directed against the blades orbuckets of the rotor, with the result that there occurs substantially nocooling of the expanding gases, and consequently no contraction or diminution in-volume ofsuch gases, which are therefore discharged against the blades or buckets with a velocity due to the full pressure in the cylinder resulting from the expansion ofthe gases in-the combustion thereof.

While I have shown the engine as provided with four compression-cylinders, yet one cylinder or any greater number of cylinders may be employed, according to the. size of the rotative member or rotor, and other conditions which may exist in any particular engine.

is necessary to securecontinuous action of the jets from the discharge-nozzle upon the blades or buckets of the rotor. Forexample, iftheicircumference of the ring of blades or buckets in proportion to'the size of acylins compressed therein at any one stroke-of the piston) is such that the expanding gases pro duced in one explosion will act upon the blades or buckets during one-fourth of a rota tion of the said rotor, then it isfdesirable that four equally-spaced cylinders should be employed, so that as soon as the expanding devices for. thesepu purpose of disclosing one form in which my invention may. be carried out in practice. Moreover, the general organization of the machine may be variously modified in practice with res ect to the location of the cylinders relative y to the rotor, in other features of construc'tionand arrangement, the construction illustrated being only one convenient way in which the operative parts of the engine maybe arranged or desi edinpractice. Certain of thefdetails of construction illustrated and described, however, in themselves embI8-(36 features of novelty and are herein claimed as part of my invention. J

In the motor shown in the accompanying Generally it is desirable that as many compression-cylinders shall be used as ,der (or quantity of explosive admixture,

nders, and {orv igniting the explosive charges, the several oses being illustrated. in the accompanying rawings merely 'for the' drawings the smallest or most restricted parts of each discharge passage constitute the discharge-aperture for the escape from said chamber or cylinder of the ex anding products of combustion and are ma e of the area required for the delivery of the expanding gases from the cylinder in such volume as required forv efiicient action of the motor. The receiving ends of the said passages between said-restricted ports and the deliveryapertu-res are made .-as shortas practicable and are gradually contracted from the cylinder to the said apertures, so as to lessen so far as are desirably employed to increasethespeed in of the jets assing therethr'ough and con centrate said jets upon the blades or buckets according to thewell-knowntheory of operation .of the corres ondingly-fiar-ingnozzles of the :De LavaLan other turbines.

In a device embodying my invention, therefore, the delivery or exit orifice, through which the products of. combustion are discharged from the compressi on chamber or cylinder, is located in the wall of the said chamber or cylinder andadjacent to the valve by which said delivery or exit orifice is controlled. It follows that said delivery or exit orifice-affords substantially an immediate or .direct "discharge of-the gaseous products ofcombustion from the compression-chamber in which-the charge is compressed and ignited, with the result-that the gaseous: products of combustion make their exit from said chamber to the space of less pressure exterior to the chamber substantially under the initialpressure due to the combustion or. explosion and Without any substantial reduction in temperature, and that the initial pressure is converted. into 'vis viva. at the said exit-orifice without any substantial loss of energy through frictional retardation or diminution of volume by cooling.

,1 claim as my invention 1. An internal-combustion impact-motor embracing a rotor and means operatedby the rotor for compressing and exploding charges of .a gaseous explosive mixture embracing a chamber in whico the charges are compressed by decreasing the internal capacity of said. chamber, said chamber being provided with adischarge-passage having a restricted portion located substantially at the receiving end of said passage and through which the products of combustion. pass directly from the chamber to convert the. initial pressure resulting from the explosion into 'v'is viva, a

valve for controlling said discharge-passage,

which valve is closed during the compression of the charge and opened to permit the pastherefrom to the blades or buckets of the rotor, having a restricted portion adjacent to its receiving end, and a flaring portion in which the gaseous products of combustion expand after their passage through said restricted portion to convert the initial pressure resulting from the explosion into mls 'viva, at the delivery end of said passage, and

a valve at the receiving end of said passage, which valve is closed during the compression of the charge and opened to ermit the discharge of the products of com ustion.

3. An internal-combustion impact-motor embracing a-rotor, 'a compression-cylinder, a reciprocating piston in said cylinder actuated by the rotor, said cylinder being provided in its Wall with a discharge-passage having at its receiving end a restricted. portion through Which the products of combustion pass directly from the cylinder to convert the initial pressure resulting from theexplosion into Wis viva, a valve for controlling said dischargepassage, which valveis closed in the coming charges of the explosive gaseous a pression of'the charge and opened to permit the discharge of the gaseous products of combustion from the cylinder, means for s11 plyture to the cylinder during the backward stroke of the piston therein,. and means for igniting the charges when compressed.

4:. An internal-combustion impact-motor embracing a rotor, a compression and explosion cylinder provided with a reciprocating piston, the backward stroke of which efiects the charging of the cylinder and the advance stroke of which eiiects the-compression of the explosive charge and means actuated by the rotor for giving reciprocating motion tothe piston adapted to retain the iston in its advanceposition during the discharge of the products of combustion from the cylinder, said cylinderbeingprovided with a dischargepassage having at its receiving end a restrict -which the products of ed portion through combustion pass directlyfrom the cylinder to convert the initial pressure. resulting from the ex losion into ms viva, anda valve for contro ling said discharge-passage which is closed during the, backward and forward strokes of the piston and is opened to permit the discharge of the products of combustion after the compression of the explosive charge. In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I -aflix my signature, in presence mixof two witnesses, this 15th day of February, r

A. D; 1905. I r

CHARLES"OLARENCE POOLE.

' Witnesses:

TAYLOR E. BROWN, GERTRUDE Baron. 

